如何申请美国学生签证
1.Overview
1.概述
TheUnited States welcomes foreign citizens who come to the United Statesto study. Before applying for a visa, all student visa applicants arerequired to be accepted and approved by their school or program. Onceaccepted, educational institutions will provide each applicant thenecessary approval documentation to be submitted when applying for astudent visa.
美国政府热诚欢迎外国公民赴美求学。申请人必须首先被美国的学校或项目录取，然后才能申请学生签证。一旦录取，美国教育机构就会为每位申请人提供申请学生签证所需的批准文件。
2.VisaDescriptions and Qualifications
2.签证说明和申请条件
F-1Visa
F-1签证
Thisis the most common type of student visa. If you wish to engage inacademic studies in the United States at an approved school, such asan accredited U.S. college or university, private secondary school,or approved English language program then you need an F-1 visa.
这是最常见的学生签证类型。如果您希望在获得美国政府承认的学校（包括获得认证的美国大学或学院、私立中学或获得批准的英语学习项目等等）就读，应申请F-1签证。
M-1Visa
M-1签证
Ifyou plan to engage in non-academic or vocational study or training ata U.S. institution then you need an M-1 visa.
如果您希望在美国的非学术或职业教育机构进行学习或培训，应申请M-1签证。
3.U.S.Public Schools
3.美国公立学校
U.S.law does not permit foreign students to attend public elementaryschool (kindergarten to 8th grade) or a publicly funded adulteducation program. Hence, F-1 visas cannot be issued for study atsuch schools.
根据美国法律，外国学生不得进入公立小学（从幼儿园到八年级）或政府资助的成人教育项目就读。因此，F-1签证不适用于此类学校。
AnF-1 visa can be issued for attendance at a public secondary school(grades 9 to 12), but the student is limited to a maximum of 12months at the school. The school must also indicate on the Form I-20that the student has paid the unsubsidized cost of the education andthe amount submitted by the student for that purpose.
准备在公立中学（从九年级到十二年级）就读的申请人可以申请F-1签证，但外国学生在学校学习的时间不得超过12个月。此外，学校还必须在I-20表上标注学生已缴纳教育费用而未接受任何资助，同时说明缴费金额。
Note: Holdersof A, E, F-2, G, H-4, J-2, L-2, M-2 or other derivative nonimmigrantvisas may enroll in public elementary and secondary schools.
注意： A类、E类、F-2类、G类、H-4类、J-2类、L-2类、M-2类或其他衍生非移民签证持有人可以进入公立小学和中学就读。
4.Whento Apply
4.何时申请
120-dayrule: Please note that student (F and M) visas for new students canbe issued up to 120 days in advance of the start date for a course ofstudy.
120天规定：请注意，新生的学生签证（F和M）的签发日期不会早于开学日期前120天。
30-dayrule: All recipients of an F or M student visa should be aware thatDepartment of Homeland Security regulations require all initial orbeginning students enter the US 30 days or less in advance of theprogram start/report date as shown on the Form I-20. Visaholders traveling to the US before this date may be denied entry atthe port of entry. Please consider this date carefullywhen making your travel plans to the United States. Ifyour program start date specified on the I-20 is already past or youwill be unable to meet that date, please request your school tochange the program start date in the SEVIS system.
30天规定：所有获得F或M学生签证的人请注意，美国国土安全部的法规规定所有新生只能在I-20表格上所列的课程报到日之前30天内才会被准许入境美国。在规定期间前提早赴美的签注证持有人有可能会在入境口岸被拒绝入境。在您安排行程前往美国时，请慎重考虑该日期。若您I-20上记载的课程开始日已经过期，或您将无法在该日期前到达美国，请要求您的学校或主办单位在SEVIS系统里更改该日期。
Pleasenote that the 120-day and 30-day rules do not apply to continuingstudents. Continuing students may apply for a new visa atany time, as long as they have been maintaining status in the UnitedStates and their SEVIS records are current. Continuingstudents may also enter the U.S. at any time before theirclasses/programs start.
请注意，120天及30天的规定不适用于继续就读的学生。续读生可以在任何时期申请新的签证，只要他们一直维持在美国的身份并且被登录在SEVIS系统里的记录是有效的即可。续读生也可以在下一段课程或计划开始前的任何时期入境美国
5.ApplicationItems
5.申请材料
Toapply for an F or M visa, you must payyour $160 application fee and submit thefollowing:
如需申请F类或M类签证，应缴纳160美元申请费并提交下列材料：
Apassport valid for travel to the United States with a validity dateat least six months beyond your intended period of stay in the UnitedStates (unless country-specificagreements provide exemptions). If more than one person isincluded in your passport, each person desiring a visa must submit anapplication.
前往美国旅行的有效护照，有效期需超出在美预定停留期至少六个月（享受豁免的特殊协议国除外）。如果护照中包含的人数多于一人，则每个签证申请人都需要提交单独的申请。
One2 x 2 inches (51 x 51 mm) photograph taken within the last sixmonths.
一张在最近六个月内拍摄的2英寸x2英寸（5.1厘米x5.1厘米）照片。
If avisa is issued, there may be an additional visa issuance reciprocityfee, depending on your nationality.
如果签证获发，可能还需缴纳一笔签证互惠费，具体情况视申请人的国籍而定。
Anapproved original signed Form I-20 from your U.S. school or program.
美国学校或项目提供的I-20表。
Inaddition to these items, you must present an interview appointmentletter confirming that you booked an appointment through thisservice. You may also bring whatever supporting documents youbelieve support the information provided to the consular officer.
除上述材料以外，申请人还应出示面谈预约单，证明您已从这一服务渠道预约面谈。您还可以向签证官提供其他支持性文件。
6.Howto Apply
6.如何申请
Step1
第1步
Completethe NonimmigrantVisa Electronic Application (DS-160) form.
完成非移民签证电子申请表(DS-160)。
Step2
第2步
Paythe visa application fee.
缴纳签证申请费。
Step3
第3步
Scheduleyour appointment on this webpage. You need the following three pieces of information in order toschedule your appointment:
在本页面预约面谈。要预约面谈，需提供以下三条信息：
Your passport number.
护照号码
The receipt number from your Visa Fee receipt.
签证申请缴费收据上的编号
The ten digit barcode number from your DS-160 confirmation page.
DS-160确认页上的十位条形码编号
Step4
第4步
Visitthe U.S.Embassy or Consulate General on the date and time of yourvisa interview. You must bring a printed copy of your appointmentletter, your DS-160 confirmation page, one photograph taken withinthe last six months, and your current and all old passports..Applications without all of these items will not be accepted.
请按照约定的时间到使/领事馆进行面谈。请随身携带一份预约单打印件、DS-160确认页打印件、一张最近六个月内的近照以及所有新旧护照。如缺少上述任何材料，申请将不予受理。
7.SupportingDocuments
7.支持性文件
Supportingdocuments are only one of many factors a consular officer willconsider in your interview. Consular officers look at eachapplication individually and consider professional, social, cultural,and other factors during adjudication. Consular officers may look atyour specific intentions, family situation, and your long-range plansand prospects within your country of residence. Each case is examinedindividually and is accorded every consideration under thelaw.
支持性文件仅是签证官在面谈时需要考虑的众多因素之一。签证官将综合职业、社会、文化和其他因素，根据每位申请人的具体情况进行相应的分析和判断。签证官需要权衡申请人的赴美意图、家庭背景、在原居住国的长期规划等各方面信息。每一个签证申请都将视为独立个案处理，并依据法律给予充分的考虑。
Caution: Donot present false documents. Fraud or misrepresentation canresult in permanent visa ineligibility. If confidentiality is aconcern, you should bring your documents to the Embassy or ConsulateGeneral in a sealed envelope. The Embassy or Consulate General willnot make your information available to anyone and will respect theconfidentiality of your information.
注意：请勿使用虚假材料。欺骗或歪曲事实可能导致永久拒签。为保护个人隐私，申请人应将材料密封带入使/领事馆。使/领事馆秉承信息保密原则，不会向任何人公开申请人的材料内容。
Youshould bring the following documents to your interview:
请在面谈时携带下列材料：
Documents demonstrating strong financial, social, and family ties toyour home country that will compel you to return to your countryafter your program of study in the United States ends.
表明在经济、社会、家庭等各方面具有牢固约束力的文件，证明您在完成美国的学业后会如期回国。
Financial and any other documents you believe will support yourapplication and which give credible evidence that you have enoughreadily-available funds to meet all expenses for the first year ofstudy and that you have access to funds sufficient to cover allexpenses while you remain in the United States. M-1 applicants mustdemonstrate the ability to pay all tuition and living costs for theentire period of their intended stay.
您认为可以作为申请支持材料的资金证明和任何其他文件：证明您有充足的资金支付第一学年的所有开销，并且能够为在美停留期间的所有剩余开销找到足够的资金来源。M-1签证申请人必须证明其有能力支付在美停留期间的所有学费和生活费。
Photocopies of bank statements will not be accepted unless you canalso show original copies of bank statements or original bank books.
我们不接受银行对账单的影印本，除非您能同时出示银行对账单原件或银行存折原件。
If you are financially sponsored by another person, bring proof ofyour relationship to the sponsor (such as your birth certificate),the sponsor's most recent original tax forms and the sponsor's bankbooks and/or fixed deposit certificates.
如果您有资助人，请携带您与资助人的关系证明（例如您的出生证明），资助人最近的纳税申报表原件、银行存折和/或定期存款证明。
Academic documents that show scholastic preparation. Usefuldocuments include school transcripts (original copies are preferred)with grades, public examination certificates (A-levels, etc.),standardized test scores (SAT, TOEFL, etc.), and diplomas.
能够证明学术准备情况的学术性文件：带有评分/评级的学校成绩单（最好使用原件）、公共考试证书（A-levels等）、标准化考试分数（SAT、TOEFL等）以及毕业文凭。
Research/study plans with detailed information about your plannedstudies or research in the United States, including the name ande-mail address of your advising professor and/or the head of yourdepartment in the United States. Please click here fora sample research proposal / study plan.
赴美研究/学习计划及相关的详细信息，其中包括美国学校的导师和/或系主任的姓名及电子邮箱地址。请点击此处获取研究/学习计划范本。
A resume/CV (in English) that provides detailed information aboutyour past academic and professional experience, including a completelist of all publications to which you have contributed. Pleaseclick here fora sample resume.
一份详细介绍以往学术和专业经验的简历（英语版），其中包括投过稿的出版物完整清单。请点击此处获取简历范本。
Official transcripts covering coursework at U.S. institutions (forreturning students).
美国学校或项目提供的I-20签名原件（针对返签学生）。
An advisors biography, CV, or webpage printout (for graduatestudents who have already been assigned an advising professor attheir U.S. institution).
导师的个人简介、简历或打印网页（针对所在美国教育机构已为其指定导师的研究生）。
8.Dependents
8.家属
Spousesand/or unmarried children under the age of 21 who wish to accompanyor join the principal visa holder in the United States for theduration of his or her stay require derivative F or M visas. There isno derivative visa for the parents of F or M holders.
如果配偶和/或21岁以下未婚子女希望在签证主申请人留美期间前去陪伴或团聚，应申请F类或M类衍生签证。我们目前尚未推出针对F类或M类签证持有人父母的衍生签证。
Familymembers who do not intend to reside in the United States with theprincipal visa holder, but wish to visit for vacations only, may beeligible to apply for visitor (B-2) visas.
如果家属没有与签证主申请人一起在美国居住生活的计划，只是希望利用假期探访，也可以申请针对游客的(B-2)签证。
Spousesand dependents may not work in the United States on a derivative F orM visa. If your spouse/child seeks employment, the spouse must obtainthe appropriate work visa.
配偶和家属不得以F类或M类衍生签证的身份在美国工作。如果您的配偶/子女希望在美国工作，必须申请相应的工作签证。
SupportingDocuments for Dependents
针对家属的支持性文件
Applicantswith dependents must also provide:
有家属陪同的申请人还需提供下列材料：
Proof of the student's relationship to his or her spouse and/orchild (e.g., marriage and birth certificates).
申请人与其配偶和/或子女的关系证明（例如结婚证和出生证明）
It is preferred that families apply for their visas at the sametime, but if the spouse and/or child must apply separately at alater time, they should bring a copy of the student visa holder'spassport and visa, along with all other required documents.
我们建议家庭成员同时申请签证，如果配偶和/或子女出于各种理由必须在以后单独申请，则家属届时应携带学生签证持有人的护照和签证复印件以及所有其他必要文件
9.OtherInformation
9.其他信息
OptionalPractical Training (OPT)
选择性实习(OPT)
F-1visa holders may be eligible for up to 12 months of optionalpractical training following completion of all course requirementsfor graduation (not including thesis or equivalent), or aftercompletion of all requirements. OPT is separate from a student'sacademic work, and time for OPT will not normally be reflected duringthe student's academic program or in the completed study date.Students applying for an F visa to do OPT may present an I-20 with anoriginal end of study date that may have passed. However, these I-20smust be annotated by the designated school official to reflectapproval of an OPT program that extends beyond the end of the regularperiod of study. In addition, the student must have proof that USCIShas approved their practical training program or that an applicationis pending, either in the form of an approved EmploymentAuthorization Card or a Form I-797 indicating that s/he has a pendingapplication for an OPT program.
F-1签证持有人在完成毕业的所有课程要求（不包括毕业论文或同类规定）或完成所有要求后，可以申请12个月以内的选择性实习。OPT与学生的学业是相互分离的，OPT时间通常不会反映在学生的课程或学习安排中。学生为OPT申请F类签证时，可出示其I-20表，而其上指明的原学习结束时间可能已过期。但是，上述I-20表必须由学校指定管理人员标注相关内容，表明学校同意学生参加超出常规学习周期截止时间的OPT项目。此外，该学生还必须提交材料来证明USCIS已批准其实习项目或正在申请，出示工作许可证(EmploymentAuthorization Card)或标注他/她正在申请OPT项目的I-797表均可。
Validityof Student Visas After a Break in Studies
学习中断后学生签证的有效性
Studentswho are away from classes for more than five months must apply forand receive a new F-1 or M-1 student visa to return to schoolfollowing travel abroad.
如果学生在美国境外停留时间或停课时间超过五个月，则返校时必须重新申请F-1或M-1学生签证。
Studentswithin the United States
在美国境内的学生
Astudent (F-1 or M-1) may lose that status if they do not resumestudies within five months of the date of transferring schools orprograms, under immigration law. If a student loses status, unlessUSCIS reinstates the student's status, the student's F or M visawould also be invalid for future travel returning to the UnitedStates.
根据美国移民法，如果学生（F-1或M-1）在转校或转项目后五个月内还未重新开始上课，将丧失其身份。一旦丧失身份，除非USCIS予以恢复，否则学生的F类或M类签证也会失效，从而无法重返美国。
Students- Returning to the United States from Travel Abroad
学生在离境之后重返美国
Studentswho leave the United States for a break in studies of five months ormore may lose their F-1 or M-1 status unless their activitiesoverseas are related to their course of study. In advance of travel,students may want to check with their designated school official ifthere is a question about whether their activity is related to theircourse of study.
如果学生中断学习离开美国的时间超过五个月以上，将丧失其F-1或M-1签证身份，除非其海外活动与课业相关。出发前，学生们最好事先与学校的指定管理人员沟通，确定其海外活动是否与课业相关。
Whenthe Customs and Border Protection (CBP) immigration inspector at portof entry is presented a previously used, unexpired F-1 or M-1 visa bya returning student who has been outside the United States and out ofstudent status for more than five months, a CBP immigration inspectormay find the student inadmissible for not possessing a validnonimmigrant visa. CBP may also cancel the visa after granting thestudent permission to withdraw the application for admission.Therefore, it is prudent for students to apply for new visas at anEmbassy or Consulate General abroad prior to traveling to the UnitedStates to return to their studies after an absence of more than fivemonths that is not related to their course of study.
如果返校学生在入境口岸向美国海关与边境保护局(CBP)边检员出示仍在使用期内的F-1或M-1签证，而事实上其中断学习离开美国的时间已经超过五个月，CBP边检员将以缺乏有效非移民签证为理由拒绝该学生入境。与此同时，CBP还会要求取消其入境申请并注销其签证。因此，为谨慎起见，如果学生离开美国从事非课业相关活动的时间超过五个月，在准备返校之前最好到使/领事馆申请新签证。
